Conventional animation principles:
Keyframe: position defining the start and end points of any smooth transition
Computer-assisted animation:
Given $t \in [t_i, t_{i+1})$,
\[x(t) = x(t_i) \frac{t_{i+1} - t}{t_{i+1} - t_i} + x(t_{i+1}) \frac{t - t_i}{t_{i+1} - t_i}\]Interpolation can happen on rotation angle and/or position.